Typology and Causes of Iranian Immigrants’ Economic Interactions with Iran in Germany

Authors

1 PhD candidate of Economics Sociology and Development, Faculty of Literature and Social Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

2 Assistant Professor of Sociology at Faculty of Literature and Social Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology at Faculty of Literature and Social Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

4 Member of Sharif Policy Research Institute and in charge of Iran migration monitoring Program

Abstract

Objectives: Nowadays, experts challenge the negative attitude toward immigration and take a more positive stance towards it. In their opinion, migration can bring benefits to both countries of origin and destination. One of the advantages mentioned is their economic interactions with the country of origin, leading to economic and cultural development in the country of origin. Regarding the lack of comprehensive research in this field, the present study aims at identifying the types of economic interactions of immigrants residing in Germany with Iran and their reasons for it. Methods: The statistical population of the present study includes all legal immigrants aged above 18 residing in Germany with more than 2 years of residence in this country. Since there was no prior framework for investigating this issue, a qualitative method and a semi-structured interview were used. Based on theoretical sampling, 30 immigrants were interviewed. Results: The findings of the present study indicate that transferring goods and funds from Germany falls into five main categories, namely, sending gifts, investments, charitable actions, sending rare goods and purchasing incorporated services, Conclusion: This five main categories are subject to cultural integration, economic integration, attitude to Iran and Germany and the number of years Immigrants reside in Germany.

Keywords

References

استراوس، انسلیم و کوربین، جولیت (۱۳۹۰). مبانی پژوهش کیفی: فنون و مراحل تولید نظریه‌ی زمینه‌ای. ترجمه‌ی ابراهیم افشار، تهران: نی.
بلیکی، نورمن (۱۳۸۹). استراتژی‌های پژوهش اجتماعی. ترجمه‌ی ه. آقابیگ‌پوری، تهران: جامعه‌شناسان.
 
 
Acosta, P., Fajnzylber, P., & Lopez, J. H. (2007). The impact of remittances on poverty and human capital: evidence from Latin American household surveys (Vol. 4247): World Bank Publications.
Adelman, I., & Taylor, J. E. (1990). Is structural adjustment with a human face possible? The case of Mexico. The Journal of Development Studies, 26(3), 387-407.
Adams Jr, R. H. (2009). The determinants of international remittances in developing countries. World development, 37(1), 93-103
Adams Jr, R. H. & Cuecuecha, A. (2010). Remittances, household expenditure and investment in Guatemala. World development, 38(11), 1626-1641.
Adams Jr, R. H. & Page, J. (2005). Do international migration and remittances reduce poverty in developing countries? World development, 33(10), 1645-1669.
Amuedo-Dorantes, C., & Pozo, S. (2006). Remittances as insurance: evidence from Mexican immigrants. Journal of Population Economics, 19(2), 227-254.
Antén, J.I. (2010). The impact of remittances on nutritional status of children in Ecuador. International migration review, 44(2), 269-299.
Anyanwu, J. C. & Erhijakpor, A. E. (2010). Do international remittances affect poverty in Africa? African Development Review, 22(1), 51-91.
Becker, G. S. (1974). A theory of social interactions. Journal of political economy, 82(6), 1063-1093.
Becker, G. S. (1991). A treatise on the family: Enlarged edition: Harvard university press.
Bilgili, Ö. (2015). Economic integration to send money back home? Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 13(4), 379-400.
Bollard, A. McKenzie, D. Morten, M. & Rapoport, H. (2011). Remittances and the brain drain revisited: The microdata show that more educated migrants remit more. The World Bank Economic Review, 25(1), 132-156.
Brown, R. (1994). Migrants' remittances, savings and investment in the south Pacific. International Labour Review, 133(3), 347-367.
Brown, R. P. & Ahlburg, D. A. (1999). Remittances in the South Pacific. International Journal of Social Economics, 26(1-2), 325-344.
Cai, Q. (2003). Migrant remittances and family ties: a case study in China. International Journal of Population Geography, 9(6), 471-483.
Calero, C. Bedi, A. S. & Sparrow, R. (2009). Remittances, liquidity constraints and human capital investments in Ecuador. World development, 37(6), 1143-1154.
Carling, J. & Hoelscher, K. (2013). The capacity and desire to remit: Comparing local and transnational influences. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 39(6), 939-958.
Chami, R. Fullenkamp, C. & Jahjah, S. (2005). Are immigrant remittance flows a source of capital for development? IMF Staff papers, 52(1), 55-81.
Córdova, J. E. L. (2006). Globalization, migration and development: the role of Mexican migrant remittances (Working Paper ITD= Documento de Trabajo ITD; n. 20) (Vol. 20): BID-INTAL.
De Brauw, A. Mueller, V., & Woldehanna, T. (2011). Insurance motives to remit: Evidence from a matched sample of Ethiopian internal migrants (No. 1090). International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
De la Briere, B., Sadoulet, E., De Janvry, A., & Lambert, S. (2002). The roles of destination, gender, and household composition in explaining remittances: an analysis for the Dominican Sierra. Journal of development Economics, 68(2), 309-328.
Durand, J., Kandel, W., Parrado, E. A., & Massey, D. S. (1996). International migration and development in Mexican communities. Demography, 33(2), 249-264.
Dustmann, C., & Kirchkamp, O. (2002). The optimal migration duration and activity choice after re-migration. Journal of development Economics, 67(2), 351-372.
Edwards, A. C., & Ureta, M. (2003). International migration, remittances, and schooling: evidence from El Salvador. Journal of development Economics, 72(2), 429-461.
Faini, R. (2007). Remittances and the Brain Drain: Do more skilled migrants remit more? The World Bank Economic Review, 21(2), 177-191.
Giuliano, P., & Ruiz-Arranz, M. (2009). Remittances, financial development, and growth. Journal of Development Economics, 90(1), 144-152.
Groizard, J. L., & Llull, J. (2004). Brain drain, aid and growth. University of the Balearic Islands.
Harper, R. A., & Zubida, H. (2013). How Does the Construction of New Families Impact Remittances. Diversities, 15(2), 6-19.
Hildebrandt, N., McKenzie, D. J., Esquivel, G., & Schargrodsky, E. (2005). The effects of migration on child health in Mexico [with comments]. Economia, 6(1), 257-289.
Hoddinott, J. (1992). Modelling remittance flows in Kenya. Journal of African Economies, 1(2), 206-232.
Hoddinott, J. (1994). A model of migration and remittances applied to Western Kenya. Oxford economic papers, 459-476.
Holst, E., & Schrooten, M. (2006). Migration and Money-What Determines Remittances?: Evidence from Germany (No. 566). DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
Kanaiaupuni, S. M., & Donato, K. M. (1999). Migradollars and mortality: The effects of migration on infant survival in Mexico. Demography, 36(3), 339-353.
King, R., & Vullnetari, J. (2010). Gender and remittances in Albania: or why ‘Are women better remitters than men?’is not the right question.
Lianos, T. P., & Pseiridis, A. (2014). I trust, therefore I remit? An examination of the size and motivation of remittances. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 40(4), 528-543.
Lucas, R. E., & Stark, O. (1985). Motivations to remit: Evidence from Botswana. Journal of political economy, 93(5), 901-918.
Mahapatro, S. R. (2017). Why do they remit? Examining factors influencing migrant remittances in India. Journal of Development Policy and Practice, 2(2), 225-235.
Massey, D. S., & Parrado, E. A. (1998). International migration and business formation in Mexico. Social Science Quarterly, 79(1), 1-20.
McCormick, B., & Wahba, J. (2001). Overseas work experience, savings and entrepreneurship amongst return migrants to LDCs. Scottish journal of political economy, 48(2), 164-178.
McDonald, J. T., & Valenzuela, R. M. (2012). Why Filipino migrants remit? Evidence from a home-host country matched sample. Monash University, Department of Economics, Discussion Papers, 9, 12.
Mesnard, A. (2004). Temporary migration and capital market imperfections. Oxford Economic Papers, 56(2), 242-262.
Mundaca, B. G. (2009). Remittances, financial market development, and economic growth: the case of Latin America and the Caribbean. Review of development economics, 13(2), 288-303.
Orozco, M., Lowell, B. L., & Schneider, J. (2006). Gender-specific determinants of remittances: Differences in structure and motivation. Report to the World Bank Group, mimeo.
Roman, M. (2013). Financial effects of the international migration in Europe: Modelling the decision to remit. Panoeconomicus, 60(4), 541-555.
Sana, M., & Massey, D. S. (2005). Household composition, family migration, and community context: Migrant remittances in four countries. Social science Quarterly, 86(2), 509-528.
Schrooten, M. (2005). Bringing Home the Money-What Determines Worker's Remittances to Transition Countries. Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, Discussion Paper Series.
Stark, O., & Lucas, R. E. (1988). Migration, remittances, and the family. Economic Development and cultural Change, 36(3), 465-481.
Stepanic, J., Bertovic, I., & Kasac, J. (2003). Mediated Character of Economic Interactions. Entropy, 5(2), 61-75.
Woodruff, C. (2007). Mexican microenterprise investment and employment: the role of remittances (Working Paper ITD= Documento de Trabajo ITD; 26) (Vol. 26): BID-INTAL.
Woodruff, C., & Zenteno, R. (2007). Migration networks and microenterprises in Mexico. Journal of Development Economics, 82(2), 509-528.
Yang, D. (2008). International migration, remittances and household investment: Evidence from Philippine migrants’ exchange rate shocks. The Economic Journal, 118(528), 591-630.
Sociology of Social Institutions
Volume 8, Issue 18
February 2022
Pages 115-138

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics