بررسی ارتباط دین‌داری، اجتماع اخلاقی و کج‌روی در ایران

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار جامعه‌شناسی پژوهشکدۀ امام خمینی و انقلاب اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

اهداف: این مطالعه، با پیونددادن زیررشته‌های جامعه‌شناسی دین و جامعه‌شناسی انحرافات به بررسی این پرسش می‌پردازد که آیا ویژگی‌های مذهبی اجتماعات یا بافت‌های اجتماعی می‌توانند بر ارتباط دین‌داری فردی و کج‌روی تأثیر بگذارند یا خیر؟ در حقیقت، مقالۀ پژوهشی حاضر با تکیه بر تز اجتماع اخلاقی رادنی استارک به بررسی تجربی این موضوع در میان نمونه‌ای ملّی از ایرانیان مسلمان می‌پردازد که آیا دین، وقتی به‌عنوان یک ویژگی یا دارایی جمعی درک شود، به­طور قابل توجهی با کاهش کج‌روی در بین افراد ساکن در شهرهایی که دین‌داری تجمیعی‌شان بالاست، مرتبط می‌باشد یا خیر؟ همچنین، به وارسی تجربی این موضوع می‌پردازد که آیا اثربخشی دین‌داری فردی در محیط‌های اجتماعی که دین‌داری در آن­ها بارزتر است، افزایش می‌یابد یا خیر؟ روش مطالعه: در همین راستا، داده‌های حاصل از پیمایش ملّی با 82500 نفر از ایرانیان مسلمان در 426 شهر مبنا قرار گرفت تا میزان انطباق و تناظر مدعای اصلی تز اجتماع اخلاقی با شواهد تجربی مورد ارزیابی قرار گیرد. یافته‌ها: در کل، نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که اثر دین‌داری فردی بر کج‌روی در میان ایرانیان مسلمان به هیچ وجه با افزایش ادغام در یک اجتماع اخلاقی‌تر تقویت نمی‌گردد و شواهد تجربی مربوط به جمعیت ایرانیان مسلمان در جهتی کاملاً ناسازگار با تز اجتماع اخلاقی بوده است که برای مدعای اصلی این تز دلالت ابطالی داشته است. نتیجه‌گیری: مشاهده تفاوت ناچیز تأثیر دین‌داری بر کج‌روی در سه سطح کاملاً متفاوت از اجتماع اخلاقی در تحقیق حاضر از این ادعا پشتیبانی می‌کند که دین‌داری در سطح جمعی یا سیستمی، به‌ویژه هنگامی که اجتماع اخلاقی در سطح شهر اندازه‌گیری می‌شود، بر ارتباط بین دین‌داری فردی و کج‌روی تأثیر نمی‌گذارد که این مشاهده نیز مطمئناً کفایت تز اجتماع اخلاقی را در جامعه‌شناسی دین زیر سؤال می‌برد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Examining the Relationship between Religiosity, Moral Community, and Deviance in Iran

نویسنده [English]

  • Mohammadreza Taleban
Associate Professor of Sociology, Imam Khomeini and Islamic Revolution Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objectives: By linking the subdisciplines of the sociology of religion and the sociology of deviance, this study examines whether the religious characteristics of communities or social contexts influence the relationship between individual religiosity and deviance. In fact, the present research, relying on Rodney Stark's moral community thesis, empirically examines this issue among a national sample of Iranian Muslims to see whether religion, when understood as a collective characteristic or asset, is significantly associated with a reduction in deviance among individuals living in cities with high collective religiosity. It also empirically examines whether the effectiveness of individual religiosity increases in social environments where religiosity is more prominent. Methods: In this regard, data from a national survey of 82,500 Iranian Muslims in 426 cities were used to assess the extent to which the main claim of the moral community thesis is consistent with empirical evidence. Results: Overall, the results of this study showed that the effect of individual religiosity on deviance among Iranian Muslims is not strengthened by increasing integration into a more moral community, and the empirical evidence related to the Iranian Muslim population was completely inconsistent with the moral community thesis, which had a refuting effect on the main claim of this thesis. Conclusion: The observation of a small difference in the effect of religiosity on deviance at three completely different levels of moral community in the present study supports the claim that religiosity at the collective or systemic level, especially when moral community is measured at the city level, does not affect the relationship between individual religiosity and deviance, which certainly questions the adequacy of the moral community thesis in the sociology of religion.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Deviance
  • Moral Community
  • Muslim Iranians
  • Religiosity
  • Rodney Stark

مراجع

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طالبان، محمّدرضا (1392) دین‌پژوهی تجربی. تهران: پژوهشکدۀ امام خمینی و انقلاب اسلامی.
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جامعه‌شناسی نهادهای اجتماعی
دوره 13، شماره 27
شهریور 1405
صفحه 69-88

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